Religion may be losing its power at an institutional level, but it still retains immense influence over individual consciousness

Statistical evidence suggests that in terms of institutional religion, membership is in decline in Britain and in much of the rest of the world. church building attendance figures signal a continuing drop in attendance throughout the twentieth century particularly in Angli washstand, Baptist and Catholic Churches. It has also been shew that the number of children world baptised has dropped from 65% of the British child world to only 27%. Many sociologists use these statistics as support for their hypothesis in the secularisation of our society. as yet an equal number disregard these facts as evidence of secularisation, arguing that for our society to arrest secular there must be a decline in spectral thought not just Church membership. Institutional religion can be defined as a large governance, that has particular codes of conduct, set and morals which members are supposed to follow. Private intuitive feeling is when an individual has their own set of beliefs and moral guidelines to follow, worship and abidance to these rules are conducted personally and internally.An opinion poll conducted in 1991 called the British Social Attitudes Survey found that only 10% of the English population and 1% of the people in Northern Ireland denied the existence of graven image outright. This suggests that Britain has a unearthly population supporting the idea that religion still has major influence everywhere ghostly consciousness. It is therefore necessary to explain what has caused the decline in popularity of institutional religion if it is not a decline in religious belief itself.It can be argued that for a society to be truly religious, religion must play a part in every aspect of life. This religious booming Age was present in Britain in the Medieval Ages where the Church held most of the power, wealth and status. Today the Church has less(prenominal) wealth and plays little part in the ladder of the country (there is little Church representation i n the Government), Martin (1969) calls this process the disengagement of religion from wider society.However many sociologists would dispute that the Golden Age of religion does not mechanically indicate an enhanced religious thinking but actually a lack of spiritual independence which can lessen religious conviction. With an increasingly diverse ethnic mix present in British society there are more than religions. Religious pluralism has made people aware that spirituality can be an individual journey and that they are not required to share the same beliefs as everyone else to be religious.This is verification of the idea that institutional religion is in decline but not of secularisation, as although religious beliefs redeem changed they are still inherently spiritual. The sociologist Bellah defined religion as the search for the ultimate means of life but claimed that this did not have to involve the spiritual. Bellah supported the speculation that religious pluralism is evi dence against, not for, secularisation saying that religion has mother an individual quest as religious doctrine had become less strict.For example today it is impractical for all workers to rest on the Sabbath therefore it is no endless considered unholy to work on a Sunday allowing many to conduct their own worship in their own time. Consequently it is impossible to use research on the Church and other institutional religions as evidence of secularisation. Individuation is the natural evolution of religion whereby religion has not returnd but obviously changed to become more personal to the individual. Bellah can be faulted however for his lack of evidence in individuality in wider Western society and also for his definition of religion being too vagueParsons argued that through generalisation religious teachings have become an integral part of our society. Rather than there being a number of different teachings and values in one society, the institutional religion (in Britai n it is Christianity) doctrine has become more generalised and embedded into ripe culture. Parsons uses the example of healthcare. When the Church was at its height of power it was responsible for the running of the Hospitals, quite than the State. Religion was a major part of caring for the sick.Today Hospitals are run by the Government but the notion that it the responsibility of the healthy and able to care for the sick is a religious teaching. David Martin looked into generalisation in the US and found the same as Parsons however both have been criticised. It has been state that neither provide enough detailed evidence to support their theory, for example they do not release evidence that social values do not have a secular foundation rather than religious. Also many argue that it is wrong to assume that Britain and the USA are basically Christian societies.In terms of whether society has become secular Parsons theory of generalisation suggests that this is not the case, reli gious principals have become embedded in our society. Weber, another leading sociologist, agreed that many of societys core social guidelines in modern society have a religious origin. However where Weber significantly differs from Parsons is that he proposes that these guides to action have been transformed into secular guidelines, essentially Weber is arguing for secularisation.Weber uses his study The Protestant ethic and the show of Capitalism to show how the popularity of the Protestant doctrine has inadvertently caused a secular society. The teaching of the Protestant faith (to work hard and to keep reinvesting time, money and energy so to accumulate wealth) has lead to a decrease in the necessity of religion. Capitalism has brought about an increase in wealth, which provides its own satisfaction and rewards so there is less need for religion. Furthermore new technology and the mechanization of industry has resulted in there being less call for religion as a motivator for h ard work.Like generalisation the renewing theory can be condemned for lack of evidence for modern day values having religious origins. or else one could argue that Webers theory does not disprove generalisation, he makes little argument for the Protestant Ethic not still being present in society today. Weber argued against individuation also, claiming that the supernatural belief has been banished from our society and all meanings and motives are governed by rational belief instead. Weber called this Desacrilisation.Wilson developed the argument for desacrilisation citing 4 reasons for the dissolution of supernatural conviction. Firstly the rise in Protestantism, which Wilson argues encourages rational thought and behaviour. Secondly the rational organisation of society, this can be related to the fact that with a greater equilibrium in society this has diminish /. Finally the development of rational ideologies such as Communism have highlighted negativity within religious inst itutions (for example Marxs claim that Religion is the opium of the people).Desacrilisation can be denounced for its lack of hard data, it almost appears that much of the theory is based on the impressions of particular researchers. When looking at society from a different perspective it is eject to see that the supernatural does play a significant role in our lives. An example being belief in superstitions such as walking under a ladder or making a wish when you break a wish bone or blow out candles. To imply that supernatural belief has been banished from our society would eradicate all superstitious related actions, yet they are still preponderant in our society.