The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays

The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Essays The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Paper The Rise And Fall Of Kingfisher Airlines Tourism Essay Paper Kingfisher is a major air hose based in Mumbai, India. It is the 5th Indias air hoses that provide largest rider air hose in which international and domestic flights are provided to the clients with really flexible menus. Kingfisher is one of the largest air hoses in India and it was established in 2003. It is owned by the Bengaluru based United Breweries Group. Basically the commercial operations are started in 9 may 2005 with the fleet of four new Airbus A320-200s Operating flight from Mumbai to Delhi. Then the following international operations are started on 3 September 2008 by linking from Bengaluru to London. The Kingfisher air hose has been confronting fiscal issues for many old ages. Kingfisher air hoses have the 2nd largest portion in the air travel market till December 2011. However due to the acerb fiscal crisis faced by the Kingfishers air hose, it has now the 5th largest market portion presently and merely above Go Air Airlines. Kingfisher Airlines is one of the lone seven air hoses that are awarded 5-star evaluation by Skytrax along with Cathay Pacific, Qatar Airways, Asiana Airlines, Malaysia Airlines, Singapore Airlines, and Hainan Airlines. Kingfisher operates 250 day-to-day flights including domestic and international services. Kingfisher Airlines carry more than 1 million riders which help the Kingfishers Airlines to do the highest market portion among all other air hoses in India in May 2009. Kingfisher besides holds the Skytrax award for one of the India s best air hose of the twelvemonth 2011. Background: Main issue of the ruin of the Kingfisher Airline. All things are traveling in a really good mode and kingfisher is at its extremum but in 2005 the air hose faced many jobs in the operations, the Airlines so reported as in loss. But the state of affairs become worst when the new air hoses called Air Deccan is adopted by the Kingfisher air hose in 2007. Due the coaction with the new air hose the Kingfisher suffered a loss of over Rs. 1,000 Crore continuously for 3 old ages. In the Starting of 2012, the staff of Kingfisher air hose is traveling on work stoppages and it besides faced a really large loss of over Rs. 7,000 Crore with half of the money is bankrupted. In this tough state of affairs the faces chiefly faced fiscal job and to get the better of the state of affairs the air hose went for loans, so that they can cover it. But the heavy involvement and debt, in November 2010, the company adopted a manner to diminish the load the air hose adopted debt restructuring on those entire 18 taking loaners, those have landed entire Rs. 8,000 crores, they agree to cut the involvement the rates and convert portion of loan into equity. As per the contract the loaners have to change over the debt into portions which is converted into equity. Due to this company able to cut down the mean involvement to 11 % and salvage Rs. 500 Crore every twe lvemonth in the involvement cost. The usage of the scheme Debt restructuring besides did nt assist the air hose a batch ; no uncertainty by utilizing this it reduced the involvement charges by Rs. 500 crores every twelvemonth, but due to the high addition in cost and many other factors the company started faced jobs of liquidness. Due to no financess available the company besides faced these types of jobs like delayed wage there are over 6,000 workers which are working in the company and after the fiscal crisis company have delayed wages of the staff that will impact the workers a batch because they are working like the same and we can state they are working more than normal but these type of jobs decrease the workers morale and dissatisfaction factor besides arises. Due to the non-availability of the financess they are besides many things that will consequence like due fuel, Service revenue enhancement, Air craft rental rental due and many more. Current Situation: Problem still continues Kingfisher air hoses started to project down into fresh crisis. Many flights are cancelled and many aircrafts are grounded. The company shut down many of import international operations and closed the engagement of the tickets. Kingfishers have many aircraft and merely few were runing and soon really less aeroplanes are runing and this dropped extremely in market portion. Main taking State bank of India besides non giving more loans to the company unless they pay the old sum. Now a twenty-four hours it is really difficult state of affairs for kingfisher air hoses in recent months. The service of air hose provided by Vijay Mallya is non glamourous as it was old times because many flights are cancelled when clients are waiting to going and this will undervalue a batch to client. The direction is chief issue here in the Kingfisher air hoses they need some expert CEO s that aid to look into the activities every twenty-four hours but Vijay Mallya is the lone 1 that control the whole company this may be the biggest cause of ruin of the kingfisher air hoses. In large organisations tonss of treatment and suggestions are needed that aid to do any determination easy. This causes which disturbs the relation between the employees and Vijay Mallya because there must be some clip given to each and every employee so that they feel motivated and experience their suggestions or any demand of aid are given by the company, this help them to remain satisfied and they work with their full attempt. Vijay Mallya ever kept stating that the ground behind ruin of company is that the lifting fuel pricing and other factors contributed the ruin of the company. But there are other factors besides. Some other grounds that besides contribute to the ruin of the kingfisher air hose: Sociological: Now a yearss going by plane is non a large issue because there are batch of air hoses from which we can choose any one harmonizing to our fiscal position. Every flight has its ain manner of handling riders because in today s universe traveling one topographic point to another is non a large trade all affairs how was our journey what are the experience and how comfy are you in the whole journey. As being a 5 star air hose they provide good service to the riders but the monetary values are besides really high merely the high profile or above the economic degree people adopt Kingfisher air hose. Due to the epicurean degree of intervention they are willing to pay more than other air hoses charge. But they have to be economical so every economic individual can besides hold the experience this type of epicurean intervention this besides help them to garner more and more clients. Technological: In today s universe engineering plays a great function in any type of the company. Kingfisher air hoses do nt supply a Television screen on the dorsum of the place, so that every rider has its ain personal Television. Now people use engineering they want to make the whole work with the aid of cyberspace and make all the work while sitting in their place. This besides attracts clients to make all the booking while loosen uping in their place and they do nt necessitate to stand in the long waiting lines on the ticket counters. Economic: Now a yearss economic issues is a major concern because people are now look into non merely the epicurean intervention they besides check whether it is deserving traveling or non. There a batch of bank recognition options that are available in the instance of going this are besides the ground that affects the gross revenues of the air power industries. In India there are batch of factors that affect the administration like the rising prices, involvement rates and recession. There are authorities policies that consequence the administration a batch. There are lot things which have to see while be aftering the economic factors because that depend a batch on the success of the administration. Ecological: Nature besides consequence the air power industry a batch because the clime affects a batch on the air power industry conditions should be stable in the clip of the flights because if the clime is non good they are delayed and this disturb the clients a batch. Passengers who pay so many sums to acquire good service and comfy journey in between if something go on this disturbs a batch. If something happen like hold in the flights air hose have to supply installation and adjustment for the clients this costs a batch to the air hoses but they have to make for the riders to quiet them down and this help them to understand the job and they do nt take any opportunities to lose the clients because if the client have any bad experience they might non travel following clip with the same flight because they are many others options available to them. In India conditions is stable for most of the clip and riders are non use to these type of state of affairs so aviation industry must be prepared if any thing happens. Political: In India in every 5 old ages authorities alterations and besides it is a democratic state. Kingfishers have great benefit of this because the proprietor of kingfisher Vijay Mallya have good political web which helps to their air hose. No uncertainty, the political web is great but this non ever assist because all have to follow the authorities policies and regulations. Legal: Rising Fuel pricing is besides the chief issue in India. The air power industries have to pay big sum of money for fuel. To get the better of this job air power industry addition of lessening the degree of services to the riders which help them to cover it up. Ethical: American indians are really ethical people they ever think before purchasing anything they ever check which thing is good for them and besides gives some benefits to them. Like in India there a batch stationary merchandises which are collaborated with some non-profit institute or any other institute which gives some sum when person purchase it, bulk of people willing to purchase that merchandise because they help the destitute people. In past Kingfisher gives value for the money that is why people are willing to give more money after all kingfisher air hose is the 5 star rated air hoses. Analysis: No uncertainty kingfisher air hoses are one of the successful air hoses in India. But there are batch pros and cons at that place which lead them to downfall of the successful air hose. Professionals: Kingfisher is one of the epicurean flights in India. Kingfisher is a well-known trade name and the fiscal position of the organisation is really good. The connexions between the political and the proprietor of the Kingfisher air hoses are really strong. Kingfisher has a strong relationship with parent United Breweries Group which supports them a batch. The client service is really healthy. Kingfisher supply really epicurean journey to the riders. The staff is extremely trained and really professional with clients. Cons: The direction patterns are really hapless and the organisation construction is non formed decently. Kingfisher air hose is non bring forthing the expected returns from they are passing. Gross saless are acquiring lower and lower due to cancellation and delayed flights which clients do nt wish it. Due to the 5 star trade name of the company it is passing more than usually which is really difficult to retrieve the money. Thingss need some alterations: There are tonss of things which are needed to be alteration which help the kingfisher air hoses to retrieve. Aviation industry is now yearss are really popular and competition is acquiring tough and tough. To successfully run the air power industry there are many things which have to maintain in the head while successfully run the concern. In Kingfisher merely the proprietor Vijay Mallya is holding the direct control on the concern and due this there is jobs occur. In kingfisher there is immense web and there are many employee plants at that place and to fulfill the demands of the employee merely one individual can non maintain it. There must be some professionally and to the full trained CEO must be hired to command whatever is the state of affairs. Vijay Mallya besides taken incorrect measure while cutting the wage of the employees and even the wages are delayed for many months and harmonizing to the Herzberg s Motivator-Hygiene Model the clients are Dissatisfied because they are non acquiring the wage on clip. In the recession period of Kingfisher air hoses they besides misbehaved with some clients due to the defeat and this will lose their clients. In this period the Kingfisher air hoses introduced a new air hose called Kingfisher red to cover some disbursals because it is relatively low cost. Once there is an incident occurs riders booked the ticket for Kingfisher Airlines and when they come to the flight the realize that this is non Kingfisher fisher this is Kingfisher ruddy and when the rider asked for that so they asked that there is proficient issue in the web site it was non separating the two air hoses otherwise but this is non a valid ground because as I said earlier that the engineering plays a great function in today s universe people are now yearss really techno used and they know which flight they are booking. The chief inquiry is that why the kingfisher is running a inexpensive air hose after all Kingfisher is one of the top trade name 5 star air hose this reduces the repute of the air hose and besides misconducting with clients besides give incorrect impact on them so to manage this Kingfisher air hoses must be hold some agreement to manage this type of material. To make so see staff is required and if any struggles occur so manage them with attention so that no rider acquire disquieted and experience colored everyone should be treated same. Competition besides have a major issue because while viing with other Aviation air hoses they have to see so many expects that will impact the Kingfisher air hoses because other air hoses provide more installation and at that place low cost of the menu attracts the clients, But Kingfisher Airlines have to make some schemes so that they can maintain their clients. Competition is non merely with Aviation industry in India bulk of people will travel for the low cost bearers in India. Railwaies are besides rivals because now Indian Railwaies are safe manner to go and they cost really less as compared to air hose. So to be after harmonizing to the budget of the air hoses and every bit economical to the people, trained CEO s are required to make the occupation done good. Owner of Kingfisher air hoses Vijay Mallya besides done one more thing that they merely targeted the riders that are willing to pay more than normal. They merely need epicurean intervention, this is a good but in the clip period of 2005 to 2008 is really easy earned money period for Kingfisher and Vijay Mallya besides make so much net income so he invested money on others topographic points like Cricket, Alcohol and many more. Due to the easy money Mallya expanded a batch their imperium that is really hard to manage and this is one of the ground which makes the Kingfisher into problem. Kingfisher Airlines have to take following measure to do things good: With batch of addition in loss of Kingfisher air hoses and delinquent of revenue enhancement, fuel providers and airdromes and merely few of the flights are working. If they want to once more successfully run the concern so boosters need to put some money foremost so the Kingfisher air hoses foremost clear the due of fuel and overdue of the revenue enhancement with this money and so they should step up the ladder of success. The morale of the employees should be considered foremost because they are the really of import to the Kingfisher air hose particularly the staff and pilots they should neer be dissatisfied. So Kingfisher air hoses should must unclutter all the due of the wage of the employees because due to unpaid they have to endure and their households besides suffer with them. They ca nt afford to lose quality pilots and if this will go on it may be go on that the works should close down in future. Aircrafts used in the Kingfishers used now is really less and due to the misdirection of the staff and between the proprietor leads them to failure because as I discussed earlier Mallya ever have the direct control of the concern and may be some factors that are left which are non considered by Mallya that affects a batch to the Organization. The perceptual experience of the Owner may be someway incorrect that is why the organisation construction should be clear and should be made by assorted gifted heads that help to success of the air hoses. Decision Kingfisher is one of the taking and successful air hoses in India. The ground behind the ruin of the air hose is mentioned above and there are many other factors which besides the ground behind the ruin of the Kingfisher air hose. The organisational construction is chiefly the major concern in the Kingfisher air hoses. In get downing the kingfisher is at its extremum at that clip period is the best clip to spread out the concern but due to the immense benefits the staff and pilots and the disbursals is besides become more and more and to successfully pull off it many talented individual are required, no uncertainty they have experienced staff and epicurean intervention they give to the riders but to form the whole staff and the air hose merely Vijay Mallya is holding the direct control on it and this occurs misinterpretation. When the concern is holding great net income so we must hold to more qui vives because when this happen the other rivals ever seek to acquire problem so we ca nt do net incomes. Like the other rivals of kingfisher is giving more installation and the cost of other air hoses are besides less than it is hard to pull off for Kingfisher air hoses because they are the really epicurean and the cost of the flights are besides high because due to the trade name name they have to handle the riders like they are treated antecedently and this is really hard to manage but this can be handled by professionals so that the riders non experience and alter but this scheme gives benefits to the air hose and assorted schemes are required to make it. Some of them are mentioned above but the organisation behaviour plays a great function to pull off the people in the organisation. This helps the staff and employee and higher position individuals and proprietor to successfully run the concern and keep a hea lthy relation between them.

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary

Best Crucible Act 4 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Act 4 gives us the exciting conclusion to this saga of madness. How are the citizens of Salem and their governing officials dealing with the fallout from the trials?Will the "witches" falsely confess to avoid execution? Does John Proctor still, like, totally hate himself? Read on to find out all this and more, including key quotes and a thematic analysis for the final act of The Crucible. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. The Crucible Act 4 Summary - Short Version Act 4 opens with Herrick removing Tituba and Sarah Good from a jail cell so the court officials can hold a meeting there.Reverend Hale and Reverend Parris are off praying with the other condemned prisoners, which is unsettling to Danforth and Hathorne. When Parris arrives at the meeting, he explains that Hale is trying to get the prisoners to confess to their crimes rather than lose their lives needlessly. He also reveals that Abigail and Mercy Lewis have run away, and they stole his life’s savings. The authorities then discuss the state of social unrest that has emerged in Salem after the jailing of so many citizens. Hathorne denies that there is any possibility of rebellion ("Why at every execution I have seen naught but high satisfaction in the town" (pg. 7)), but Parris is very concerned about what will happen if they hang people who are well-respected. Parris has already received a death threat in the form of a dagger wedged in his doorway. He advises that they postpone the hangings and continue pushing for confessions, but Danforth refuses because it would make him look bad. Hale arrives and says that he hasn’t extracted any confessions yet. The one prisoner who he hasn’t talked to is John Proctor. The officials decide that they will bring in Elizabeth Proctor to speak with him and convince him to confess. Elizabeth and John are left alone, and Elizabeth informs John of Giles Corey’s death. Giles was pressed to death with heavy stones since he refused to plead guilty or innocent to the charges of witchcraft. John begs her to tell him whether or not he should confess. He’s leaning towards confessing because he doesn’t think very much of himself and feels his soul is already beyond redemption. He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness, but she says her forgiveness doesn’t mean anything if he won’t forgive himself. She also places some blame on herself for the way things went down with Abigail. She tells him that only he can decide whether or not to confess. John tentatively agrees to confess, but he refuses to name any names and then is reluctant to sign the confession. He decides he can’t go through the rest of his life after signing his name into disgrace in this permanent way. He snatches the signed paper away at the last minute and rips it to shreds, thus sealing his fate. Rebecca Nurse and John are then led off to the gallows by Marshal Herrick. The others beg Elizabeth to convince him to reconsider, but she refuses to deprive him of this choice when it’s clearly the only way he can break free from his self-hatred. "Ain't nobody dope as me I'm dressed so fresh so clean" -John Proctor at the end of The Crucible The Crucible Act 4 Summary - "Oops, I Didn't Read It" Version This act takes place in a jail cell in Salem.Marshal Herrick wakes up the occupants, Sarah Good and Tituba, to move them to a different cell.The two women speak of their plans to fly away to Barbados after the Devil comes for them and transforms them into bluebirds.They mistake the bellowing of a cow for the arrival of Satan to carry them away (could've happened to anyone).Herrick ushers them out of the cell as Tituba calls to the Devil to take her home. Once they leave, Danforth, Hathorne, and Cheever enter the cell, and Herrick returns to join their meeting. Danforth is disturbed to learn from Herrick that Reverend Hale has been praying with the prisoners. Reverend Parris is also supposed to meet with Danforth and Hathorne, so Herrick goes to get him.Apparently, Parris is praying with Reverend Hale and Rebecca Nurse.It turns out that Parris told Herrick to allow Hale to see the prisoners. Danforth is concerned that Parris is acting weird.Hathorne mentions Parris has had looked a little crazed lately and thinks it might not be wise to allow him amongst the prisoners.He said good morning to Parris a few days earlier, but Parris just started crying and walked away.Hathorne is worried about Parris appearing this unstable since he’s supposed to be the town’s spiritual leader.Cheever says he thinks Parris’ distress is a product of the ongoing property disputes in town.Abandoned cows are wandering all over the place because their owners are in jail.Parris has been arguing with farmers about who gets to claim these cows for days, and he doesn’t handle conflict well, so it makes him upset.Parris finally enters the cell, looking haggard.Danforth and Hathorne immediately criticize him for letting Hale speak with the prisoners.Parris says Hale is trying to persuade the prisoners to return to God and save their lives by confessing.Danforth is surprised, but he welcomes this news. Parris then reveals why he called this meeting with the court officials.Abigail and Mercy Lewis disappeared a few days before.Parris says he thinks they’ve boarded a ship, and they stole his entire life’s savings to pay for passage.He’s been upset lately because he’s completely broke.Danforth is exasperated and calls Parris a fool.Parris says that the next town over, Andover, rejected the witch trial trend and threw out the court, whichhas sparked the beginnings of a rebellion in Salem.Abigail most likely left for fear that people in Salem might turn against her. Hathorne doesn’t buy into the idea that a rebellion is fomenting in Salem because the town has been supportive of the executions so far.Parris points out that this is because all of the people who have been executed up until now had bad reputations for other reasons (Bridget Bishop lived with a man before marrying him, Isaac Ward's alcoholism left his family in poverty).Now they’re about to hang Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor, people who are still well-liked and respected in the community.That’s not going to sit well with many of the townspeople.Parris advises Danforth to postpone the hangings so he and Hale can continue to push for confessions and avoid social unrest.Danforth is adamant that everything will proceed as planned.Parris reveals that he has received a death threat and fears for his life if they don't postpone the executions. Hale enters the cell, saddened and exhausted, and says he hasn’t been able to get anyone to confess.He begs Danforth to pardon the prisoners or at least give him more time to bring them around.Danforth insists he can’t pardon anyone or postpone the hangings. Twelve people have already been hung for the same crime. Pardon or postponementwould be unfair and, what’s worse, it would make him look weak. John Proctor is the only prisoner Hale hasn’t spoken to yet.The officials decide to summon Elizabeth Proctor to see if she will speak to her husband and persuade him to confess.Hale keeps pushing Danforth to postpone the executions, arguing that it would show that he is merciful rather than weak, but Danforth won’t change his mind.Hale points out that society in Salem is on the verge of collapsing because of the upheaval caused by the trials.Danforth asks Halewhy he has even bothered to return to Salem, and Hale says it’s because he can’t live with the part he played in condemning innocent people to death.There will be less blood on his hands if he can get them to confess. Elizabeth Proctor is led into the cell. Hale begs her to convince her husband to confess.He says it’s better to tell a white lie than to sacrifice a life for pride, but Elizabeth is not convinced("I think that be the Devil's argument." (pg. 122)).She agrees to speak with her husband, but she doesn’t promise to persuade him to confess. A raggedJohn Proctor is escorted in by Marshal Herrick, and he and Elizabeth are left alone.Elizabeth reveals to John that many people have confessed to witchcraft, but Giles Corey refused to plead one way or the other on the charges leveled against him.He was pressed to death by his interrogators, but his sons will inherit his farm (his property would have been publicly auctioned off if he officially died a criminal). Proctor has been contemplating making a confession, and he asks Elizabeth what she thinks he should do.He feels he has already committed so many sins that it’s stupid for him to bother holding up his integrity on this one point.John says he has only refrained from confessing out of spite, not nobility.He asks for Elizabeth’s forgiveness.She says he needs to forgive himself first, and her forgiveness doesn’t mean much if he still feels he’s a bad person. She blames herself for pushing him into Abigail’s arms and says he shouldn’t take responsibility for her issues as well. Hathorne returns to the jail cell.Elizabeth tells John that he has to make his own choice on whether or not to confess.John says he chooses to have his life, and Hathorne assumes this means he will confess.John asks Elizabeth what she would do, but his question ends up being rhetorical. He knows she would never give into the pressure and lie.However, he still hates himself and thinks he’s not good enough to die a martyr. Danforth, Parris, Cheever, and Hale return and start questioning Proctor so they can write down his confession.John begins to confess, but he falters when Rebecca Nurse is led into the cell and expresses her disappointment.John refuses to name any names of other people he’s seen with the Devil, and Danforth becomes frustrated.Hale manages to persuade Danforth to accept this and allow John to sign the confession as-is.John balks at actually signing his name to the confession.He finally does so, but then he snatches the signed paper away.He doesn’t want to be held up by the court as an example to other prisoners. John says he can’t bring himself to bind his name to such a shameful lie.Danforth is incensed and insists that the document must be an honest confession, or Proctor will hang.Proctor tears up his confession.He finally decides he does have some decency within him, and it will be manifested in this final sacrifice.Danforth orders the hangings to commence.Parris and Hale beg Elizabeth to convince John to reconsider as John and Rebecca are led off to the gallows.Elizabeth refuses; she realizes that this is what John needs to do.He’d rather die with dignity than live in shame, and she respects his choice. Yeah do whatever you want John. Honestly, I don't know why you didn't just tell them you're pregnant too - these guys will believe anything. The Crucible Act 4Quotes In this section, I'll list a few of the most important quotes in Act 4 and explain why they matter. â€Å"Oh, it be no Hell in Barbados. Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks - you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that Old Boy.†Tituba, pg. 3 This is probably the most substantive line spoken by Tituba in the play.She recognizes the culture in Salem as overly repressive and conceives of â€Å"the Devil† in a different light.The Devil is not an evil presence; he represents freedom from the bonds of a society that forces people to deny their humanity constantly.Tituba feels that the Devil is provoked into mischief by the hypocrisy of the citizens of Salem. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering. If retaliation is your fear, know this - I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes.† Danforth, pg. 9-120 This quote provides deeper insight into Danforth’s character and state of mind.He feels that he can’t postpone the hangings now because he may be seen as weak and indecisive.He definitely can’t pardon the prisoners because people might suspect mistakes were also made in past convictions.Every person brought in by the trials and convicted must receive an equally harsh punishment, or Danforth’s reputation will be decimated.He is so authoritarian that he would hang ten thousand people who objected to a law without stopping to consider whether this big of an uprising could indicate major flaws in the law itself. Danforth is dependent on this concept of the infallibility of the law because it allows him to maintain control. â€Å"I came into this village like a bridegroom to his beloved, bearing gifts of high religion; the very crowns of holy law I brought, and what I touched with my bright confidence, it died; and where I turned the eye of my great faith, blood flowed up. Beware, Goody Proctor - cleave to no faith where faith brings blood. It is mistaken law that leads you to sacrifice. Life, woman, life is God’s most precious gift; no principle, however glorious, may justify the taking of it. I beg you, woman, prevail upon your husband to confess. Let him give his lie. Quail not before God’s judgement in this, for it may well be God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride.† Reverend Hale, 122 Hale is a disillusioned shell of the man he was at the beginning of the play.He initially felt that he was bringing enlightenment to Salem, but he inadvertently brought destruction instead.His good intentions rooted in a strong faith led to the loss of innocent lives.Hale argues that throwing away one’s life, even if it’s done in adherence to God’s commandments, leaves a darker moral stain on the world than giving a false confession.This advice is largely an effort to assuage his guilt about the situation. He won’t be able to live with himself if all these people die because of his mistakes. â€Å"Let them that never lied die now to keep their souls. It is pretense for me, a vanity that will not blind God nor keep my children out of the wind.† John Proctor, 126 John is convinced that he is not worthy of dying as a martyr because he has already lied and committed immoral acts in his life.He feels his soul beyond saving, so he should stop acting all virtuous and just confess.There is no point in remaining honest if he is already going to Hell with or without this false confession. At least if he lives, he can continue to provide for his kids and postpone an unpleasant afterlife. â€Å"Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because I lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feel of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† John Proctor, pg. 133 Proctor has this outburst after he snatches his signed confession away from Danforth.He can’t bring himself to permanently sacrifice his reputation by signing the confession. He feels his self-loathing and inevitable suffering in the afterlife is punishment enough (â€Å"I have given you my soul†). He can’t stomach the idea of also being defined by his confession in the eyes of society and history.He knows his name will forever be associated with cowardice and a lack of integrity. â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† Elizabeth Proctor, pg. 134 Elizabeth refuses to dissuade John from revoking his confession.She can see that he has achieved freedom from his own self-loathing through this final truthful act.If she persuades him to return and confess, she might as well not save his life at all because he will feel so utterly worthless after throwing away this last bit of integrity. John's destruction of his confession is similar to ripping up a check and throwing it in someone's face when they offer to pay off your debts just to show that their power over you. In both cases, for better or for worse, pride wins out over self-preservation. Want to get better grades and test scores? We can help. PrepScholar Tutors is the world's best tutoring service. We combine world-class expert tutors with our proprietary teaching techniques. Our students have gotten A's on thousands of classes, perfect 5's on AP tests, and ludicrously high SAT Subject Test scores. Whether you need help with science, math, English, social science, or more, we've got you covered. Get better grades today with PrepScholar Tutors. Act 4 Thematic Analysis Here's a list of the major themes that are expressed in Act 4 along with some short explanations and analyses. Irony Danforth makes a few ironic statements in Act 4 as he interrogates Elizabeth and John.In observing Elizabeth’s lack of emotion when he asks her to help them convince John to confess, he says â€Å"A very ape would weep at such calamity! Have the Devil dried up any tear of pity in you?† (pg. 123)He is shocked that she isn't acting more upset even though he has shown no remorse for condemning people to death throughout the play. In fact, he expressed his viewpoint that "I should hang ten thousand that dared to rise against the law, and an ocean of salt tears could not melt the resolution of the statutes" (pg. 120).He can't understand why Elizabeth doesn't fall apart and beg her husband to confess because he doesn't grasp the idea that an action can be legally prudent but morally distasteful. Later in Act 4, Danforth becomes angry at the implication that John’s confession may not be the truth.He says â€Å"I am not empowered to trade your life for a lie† (Danforth pg. 130). This is an example of tragic irony because Danforthhas been trading people’s lives for lies this whole time. He has sentenced numerous people to death based on lies about their dealings in black magic, and he has accepted the false confessions of those who would rather lie than be executed. Hysteria Though there is less evidence of hysteria in this act, Danforth, for one, is still very much caught up in the â€Å"WWIIIIIITTTTCHHHH† mindset.As John gives his confession, Danforth says to Rebecca Nurse â€Å"Now, woman, you surely see it profit nothin’ to keep this conspiracy any further. Will you confess yourself with him?† (pg. 129).He remains convinced that everyone is guilty. Danforth also becomes frustrated with Proctor when he won’t name names in his confession: â€Å"Mr. Proctor, a score of people have already testified they saw [Rebecca Nurse] with the Devil† (pg. 130). Danforth is convinced that John knows more about the Devil's dealings than he has revealed. Though Rebecca Nurse's involvement has already been corroborated by other confessors, Danforth demands to hear it from John. This testimony will confirm that John is fully committed to renouncing his supposed ties to Satan. Reputation As the hysteria over the witch trials dies down, it becomes apparent that the reputations of the accused continue to influence how they are treated as prisoners.Parris begs Danforth to postpone the executions of John and Rebecca because they’re so well-respected that he’s received death threats for going along with their hangings.He says, â€Å"I would to God it were not so, Excellency, but these people have great weight yet in the town† (pg. 8). However, Danforth’s own reputation as a strong judge hangs in the balance, and he dares not damage it by getting all wishy-washy. â€Å"Postponement now speaks a floundering on my part; reprieve or pardon must cast doubt upon the guilt of them that died till now. While I speak God’s law, I will not crack its voice with whimpering† (pg. 9). John Proctor’s concern for his reputation also plays a role in the events of Act 4. He goes to the gallows instead of providing a false confession because he realizes his life won't be worth living if he publicly disgraces himself in this way:â€Å"How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name!† (pg. 133). Power and Authority In Act 4, many of the power structures that were in place earlier in the play have broken down or become meaningless.Though the judges and reverends technically still hold official positions of authority, Reverend Parris has been subjected to death threats, and Salem as a whole seems to be in complete disarray.The judges now have little respect for Parris ("Mr. Parris, you are a brainless man!" pg. 7), who has become weak and vulnerable following the loss of his life's savings. The prisoners have lost what little faith they had in the earthly authority figures who have failed them, and they look towards the judgment of God.John ultimately realizes the only power he has left is in refusing to confess and preserving his integrity.As Elizabeth says to him, â€Å"There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is!† (pg. 127). In steadfastly refusing to confess,Rebecca Nurse ends up holding onto a significant amount of power. The judges cannot force her to commit herself to a lie, and her sacrifice will deal a serious blow to their legitimacy. Guilt Several characters are still dealing with intense guilt at the end of The Crucible.After quitting the court in Act 3, Hale did some self-reflection and decided to return to Salem to advise the accused witches to confess.His rationalization is that encouraging people to lie to save their lives is a forgivable sin, but being responsible for the deaths of innocentsis not.He’s wracked with guilt over the part he played in kicking off the witchcraft hysteria (â€Å"There is blood on my head!† pg. 121). However, because Hale is so tormented, he’s only able to consider his personal feelings about the situation. The false confessions might absolve him of his guilt, but the confessors would be forced to live the rest of their lives in shame. This might seem strange to us today (obviously you should just lie to avoid being executed!), but we have to consider the pervasiveness of religion in Puritan society. This is not just a matter of upholding one's good name in society - it's a matter of the state of one's soul. To the most devout people (like Rebecca Nurse)in such a highly religious culture, lying about involvement with the Devil might be considered worse than death. If a person dies without sin, she will go to Heaven, but if she corroborates the lie perpetuated by the courts, her soul will carry a permanent stain and could spend eternity in Purgatory or Hell. Hale's argument is less than convincing to people who have spent their whole lives in service to God and don't intend to compromise such an excellent record. Meanwhile, John Proctor continues to feel guilty for his affair and the role it has played in putting both he and his wife in mortal peril.A deep fear of hypocrisy almost persuades Proctor to confess because he would feel guilty martyring himself next to other people like Rebecca Nurse who are genuinely without sin. He says,â€Å"My honesty is broke, Elizabeth; I am no good man† (pg. 126).However, he ultimately doesn’t allow his guilt to define him and refuses to give up the remainder of his integrity. Elizabeth also displays some guilt in Act 4 when she partially blames herself for pushing John into Abigail's arms("I have sins of my own to count. It takes a cold wife to prompt lechery" pg. 126). The sexism of the play shows through in Elizabeth's guilt. She has been conditioned to believe that it's her job to prevent her husband from straying by being a happy homemaker. If we weren't entirely sure that this play was written in the 1950s before, it's pretty clear now. She was bedridden, but that's no excuse for not attending to John's every need. What was she expecting? That he WOULDN'T sleep with a teenager? The CrucibleAct 4 Review Let's do a quick recap of the events of Act 4, the frustrating conclusion of The Crucible: Danforth and Hawthorne meet in a jail cell and discuss their concerns with Parris' erratic behavior and Hale's return to Salem. Parris joins them and reveals that Hale is advising the prisoners to confess. Parris also reveals that Abigail ran away with his life's savings, most likely because of the rising societal discontent withthe court's activities. Both Parris and Hale beg Danforth to either pardon the prisoners or postpone the hangings until confessions are obtained because Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor still have such good reputations, and their executions could cause an uprising. Danforth refuses because he's already executed other prisoners accused of the same crimes, and he doesn't want to look weak. They decide to bring in Elizabeth Proctor so she can talk to John and hopefully convince him to confess before he is sent to the gallows. John and Elizabeth discuss this decision, and John is leaning towards confessing because he doesn't feel he's worthy of martyrdom. Elizabeth tells him he has to make his own choice. John begins to confess, but he falters when he is ordered to sign his name to the confession and learns that itwill be displayed publicly. He tears up the confession and decides he will go to his death rather than permanently ruin his reputation and sacrifice the only integrity he has left. The officials try to convince Elizabeth to stop him, but she refuses because she recognizes this is the only way John can end his feelings of self-hatred. John and Rebecca Nurse are led to the gallows to be executed. In Miller's short afterward, entitled "Echoes Down the Corridor,"he statesthat Parris was soon voted out of office, and the families of the victims of the witch trials were later provided with compensation by the government. He claims that in the aftermath of the trials, "the power of theocracy in Massachusetts was broken." However, the events of The Crucible provide an all too clear allegory for many modern-day tragedies borne of prejudice, fear, and ignorance. What's Next? Now that you've read summaries for each act of The Crucible,check out our complete thematic analysis of the play so you can kick butt on all your English quizzes and essays. Need some quotes to flesh out your essay? Read this list of the most important quotes in The Crucible, catalogedby theme. You should also take a look at this article to see detailed analysisof the most important characters in The Crucible. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: